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Advice on the use of masks1 in the community setting in
Influenza A (H1N1) outbreaks

Background
At present, evidence suggests that the main route of human-to-human transmission of the new
Influenza A (H1N1) virus is via respiratory droplets, which are expelled by speaking, sneezing or
coughing.
Any person who is in close contact (approximately 1 metre) with someone who has influenza-like
symptoms (fever, sneezing, coughing, running nose, chills, muscle ache etc) is at risk of being
exposed to potentially infective respiratory droplets.
In health-care settings, studies evaluating measures to reduce the spread of respiratory viruses
suggest that the use of masks could reduce the transmission of influenza.2 Advice on the use of
masks in health-care settings is accompanied by information on additional measures that may
have impact on its effectiveness, such as training on correct use, regular supplies and proper
disposal facilities. In the community, however, the benefits of wearing masks has not been
established, especially in open areas, as opposed to enclosed spaces while in close contact with
a person with influenza-like symptoms.
Nonetheless, many individuals may wish to wear masks in the home or community setting,
particularly if they are in close contact with a person with influenza-like symptoms, for example
while providing care to family members. Furthermore, using a mask can enable an individual
with influenza-like symptoms to cover their mouth and nose to help contain respiratory droplets,
a measure that is part of cough etiquette.
Using a mask incorrectly however, may actually increase the risk of transmission, rather
than reduce it. If masks are to be used, this measure should be combined with other
general measures to help prevent the human-to-human transmission of influenza, training
on the correct use of masks and consideration of cultural and personal values.

General advice
It is important to remember that in the community setting the following general measures
may be more important than wearing a mask in preventing the spread of influenza.
For individuals who are well:
Maintain distance of at least 1 metre from any individual with influenza-like symptoms, and:
• refrain from touching mouth and nose;
• perform hand hygiene frequently, by washing with soap and water or using an alcoholbased
handrub 3 , especially if touching the mouth and nose and surfaces that are
potentially contaminated;
• reduce as much as possible the time spent in close contact with people who might be ill;
• reduce as much as possible the time spent in crowded settings;
• improve airflow in your living space by opening windows as much as possible.
For individuals with influenza-like symptoms:
• stay at home if you feel unwell and follow the local public health recommendations;
• keep distance from well individuals as much as possible (at least 1 metre);
• cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, with tissues or other suitable
materials, to contain respiratory secretions. Dispose of the material immediately after use
or wash it. Clean hands immediately after contact with respiratory secretions!
• improve airflow in your living space by opening windows as much as possible.
If masks are worn, proper use and disposal is essential to ensure they are potentially
effective and to avoid any increase in risk of transmission associated with the incorrect
use of masks. The following information on correct use of masks derives from the practices in
health-care settings4:
• place mask carefully to cover mouth and nose and tie securely to minimise any gaps
between the face and the mask
• while in use, avoid touching the mask
− whenever you touch a used mask, for example when removing or washing, clean
hands by washing with soap and water or using an alcohol-based handrub
• replace masks with a new clean, dry mask as soon as they become damp/humid
• do not re-use single-use masks
− discard single-use masks after each use and dispose of them immediately upon
removing.
Although some alternative barriers to standard medical masks are frequently used (e.g. cloth
mask, scarf, paper masks, rags tied over the nose and mouth), there is insufficient information
available on their effectiveness. If such alternative barriers are used, they should only be used
once or, in the case of cloth masks, should be cleaned thoroughly between each use (i.e. wash
with normal household detergent at normal temperature). They should be removed immediately
after caring for the ill. Hands should be washed immediately after removal of the mask

Director Selvraghavan and his actress wife Sonia Agarwal are heading to the splitsville. Though the two had been refuting rumors about their drifting apart, Sonia’s arrival at the Family Court in Chennai to file a divorce petition today substantiated it. It is learnt from our sources that Sonia and Selvaraghavan have decided for a divorce on mutual consent.

It may be recalled that Sonia starred in three of Selvarghavan’s films including the smash hit 7G Rainbow Colony. Their professional relationship turned into friendship which later blossomed into love and the couple tied the knot with their parents’ approval a few years ago.

What can I do to protect myself from catching influenza A(H1N1)?

The main route of transmission of the new influenza A(H1N1) virus seems to be similar to seasonal

influenza, via droplets that are expelled by speaking, sneezing or coughing. You can prevent getting

infected by avoiding close contact with people who show influenza-like symptoms (trying to maintain a

distance of about 1 metre if possible) and taking the following measures:

Take everyday actions to stay healthy

· Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in thetrash after you use it.

· avoid touching your mouth and nose;

· clean hands thoroughly with soap and water, or cleanse them with an alcohol-based hand rub on a regular basis (especially if touching the mouth and nose, or surfaces that are potentiallycontaminated);

· avoid close contact with people who might be ill;

· reduce the time spent in crowded settings if possible;

· improve airflow in your living space by opening windows;

· practise good health habits including adequate sleep, eating nutritious food, and keeping physically active.

What can I do to protect myself from catching influenza A(H1N1)?

The main route of transmission of the new influenza A(H1N1) virus seems to be similar to seasonal

influenza, via droplets that are expelled by speaking, sneezing or coughing. You can prevent getting

infected by avoiding close contact with people who show influenza-like symptoms (trying to maintain a

distance of about 1 metre if possible) and taking the following measures:

Take everyday actions to stay healthy

· Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in thetrash after you use it.

· avoid touching your mouth and nose;

Advice on the use of masks1 in the community setting in
Influenza A (H1N1) outbreaks

Background
At present, evidence suggests that the main route of human-to-human transmission of the new
Influenza A (H1N1) virus is via respiratory droplets, which are expelled by speaking, sneezing or
coughing.
Any person who is in close contact (approximately 1 metre) with someone who has influenza-like
symptoms (fever, sneezing, coughing, running nose, chills, muscle ache etc) is at risk of being
exposed to potentially infective respiratory droplets.
In health-care settings, studies evaluating measures to reduce the spread of respiratory viruses
suggest that the use of masks could reduce the transmission of influenza.2 Advice on the use of
masks in health-care settings is accompanied by information on additional measures that may
have impact on its effectiveness, such as training on correct use, regular supplies and proper
disposal facilities. In the community, however, the benefits of wearing masks has not been
established, especially in open areas, as opposed to enclosed spaces while in close contact with
a person with influenza-like symptoms.
Nonetheless, many individuals may wish to wear masks in the home or community setting,
particularly if they are in close contact with a person with influenza-like symptoms, for example
while providing care to family members. Furthermore, using a mask can enable an individual
with influenza-like symptoms to cover their mouth and nose to help contain respiratory droplets,
a measure that is part of cough etiquette.
Using a mask incorrectly however, may actually increase the risk of transmission, rather
than reduce it. If masks are to be used, this measure should be combined with other
general measures to help prevent the human-to-human transmission of influenza, training
on the correct use of masks and consideration of cultural and personal values.

General advice
It is important to remember that in the community setting the following general measures
may be more important than wearing a mask in preventing the spread of influenza.
For individuals who are well:
Maintain distance of at least 1 metre from any individual with influenza-like symptoms, and:
• refrain from touching mouth and nose;
• perform hand hygiene frequently, by washing with soap and water or using an alcoholbased
handrub 3 , especially if touching the mouth and nose and surfaces that are
potentially contaminated;
• reduce as much as possible the time spent in close contact with people who might be ill;
• reduce as much as possible the time spent in crowded settings;
• improve airflow in your living space by opening windows as much as possible.
For individuals with influenza-like symptoms:
• stay at home if you feel unwell and follow the local public health recommendations;
• keep distance from well individuals as much as possible (at least 1 metre);
• cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, with tissues or other suitable
materials, to contain respiratory secretions. Dispose of the material immediately after use
or wash it. Clean hands immediately after contact with respiratory secretions!
• improve airflow in your living space by opening windows as much as possible.
If masks are worn, proper use and disposal is essential to ensure they are potentially
effective and to avoid any increase in risk of transmission associated with the incorrect
use of masks. The following information on correct use of masks derives from the practices in
health-care settings4:
• place mask carefully to cover mouth and nose and tie securely to minimise any gaps
between the face and the mask
• while in use, avoid touching the mask
− whenever you touch a used mask, for example when removing or washing, clean
hands by washing with soap and water or using an alcohol-based handrub
• replace masks with a new clean, dry mask as soon as they become damp/humid
• do not re-use single-use masks
− discard single-use masks after each use and dispose of them immediately upon
removing.
Although some alternative barriers to standard medical masks are frequently used (e.g. cloth
mask, scarf, paper masks, rags tied over the nose and mouth), there is insufficient information
available on their effectiveness. If such alternative barriers are used, they should only be used
once or, in the case of cloth masks, should be cleaned thoroughly between each use (i.e. wash
with normal household detergent at normal temperature). They should be removed immediately
after caring for the ill. Hands should be washed immediately after removal of the mask

Raksha Bandhan or Rakhi festival is a Hindu and sikh festival, which celebrates the relationship between brothers and sisters. It is celebrated on the full moon of the month of Shraavana which is on Thursday , 5th of August , 2009.

The festival is celebrated by tying of a rakhi, or holy thread by the sister on the wrist of her brother. The brother in return offers a gift to his sister and vows to look after her while the sister returns offers to her brother.

The brother and sister traditionally feed each other sweets

Rakhi festival is celebrated as Rakhi Purnima in North India . The word “Purnima” means a full moon night. It is also called as rakshabhandan.

vtu results 6th sem | results vtu | vtu | vtu results | vtu results 2009

VTU is one of the biggest Technological University in India, having 158 colleges affiliated to it with Under Graduate course in 27 disciplines and Post Graduate Programmes in 67 disciplines. The intake of UG level is about 45000 students and about 7500 at the PG level.

VTU has declared the Results of 6th Semester of B.E & B.Tech.

VTU results are available on VTU Website

Link – http://www.vtu.ac.in/

Results directLink http://www.results.vtu.ac.in/

VTU site is down due to high traffic load try multipal time and get your results